Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 4 Articles
Background: Botulinum toxin A is a commonly used biological medication in the field of facial plastic surgery.\r\nCurrently, there are three distinct formulations of botulinum toxin A, each with their purported benefits and\r\nadvantages. However, there is considerable confusion as to the relative efficacy and side-effects associated with\r\neach formulation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to systematically assess published studies and perform a\r\nmeta-analysis to determine if there is a significant advantage of any of the individual formulations.\r\nMethods/design: A systematic literature search was performed for all relevant English language randomized\r\ncontrolled trials using Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, World\r\nHealth Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Register,\r\nCochrane Library databases of clinical trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Inclusion criteria included any randomized\r\ncontrolled trial (RCT) that assessed the use of botulinum toxin for cosmetic purposes. The included articles were\r\nalso analyzed for bias using the Cochrane Collaboration�s tool for assessing the risk of bias in RCTs.\r\nDiscussion: The results of this review will provide clinicians with an unbiased, high level of evidence of the\r\ncomparative efficacy of individual preparations of botulinum toxin A....
Background: Naturally occurring nanoparticles isolated from English ivy (Hedera helix) have previously been\r\nproposed as an alternative to metallic nanoparticles as sunscreen fillers due to their effective UV extinction\r\nproperty, low toxicity and potential biodegradability.\r\nMethods: This study focused on analyzing the physicochemical properties of the ivy nanoparticles, specifically,\r\nthose parameters which are crucial for use as sunscreen fillers, such as pH, temperature, and UV irradiation. The\r\nvisual transparency and cytotoxicity of ivy nanoparticles were also investigated comparing them with other metal\r\noxide nanoparticles.\r\nResults: Results from this study demonstrated that, after treatment at 100�°C, there was a clear increase in the UV\r\nextinction spectra of the ivy nanoparticles caused by the partial decomposition. In addition, the UVA extinction spectra\r\nof the ivy nanoparticles gradually reduced slightly with the decrease of pH values in solvents. Prolonged UV irradiation\r\nindicated that the influence of UV light on the stability of the ivy nanoparticle was limited and time-independent.\r\nCompared to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles, ivy nanoparticles showed better visual transparency. Methylthiazol\r\ntetrazolium assay demonstrated that ivy nanoparticles exhibited lower cytotoxicity than the other two types of\r\nnanoparticles. Results also suggested that protein played an important role in modulating the three-dimensional\r\nstructure of the ivy nanoparticles.\r\nConclusions: Based on the results from this study it can be concluded that the ivy nanoparticles are able to maintain\r\ntheir UV protective capability at wide range of temperature and pH values, further demonstrating their potential as an\r\nalternative to replace currently available metal oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen applications....
Background: Palm oil esters (POEs) are esters derived from palm oil and oleyl alcohol have great potential in the\r\ncosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to the excellent wetting behavior of the esters without the oily feel.\r\nThe role of oil-in-water nanoemulsions loaded with tocotrienol sedimentation behavior was studied. LUMiFugeÃ?®\r\n116 particle separation analyzer was used to investigate the sedimentation behavior of POEs/tocotrienol/xanthan\r\ngum nanoemulsion system during centrifugation. Analyzing the sedimentation kinetics of dispersions in a\r\ncentrifugal field also yields information about the rheological behavior and structural stability.\r\nMethods: Experiments were performed in an analytical centrifuge at 11Ã?â??g to 1140Ã?â??g (LUMiFugeÃ?® 116 particle\r\nseparation analyzer). The samples in the LUMiFugeÃ?® 116 particle separation analyzer were centrifuged at 3000 rpm\r\nfor 15 h at 32Ã?°C. Sample volume of 2 cm3 was used. The rheological property of nanoemulsions was investigated\r\nusing oscillatory measurements test. A rotational/oscillatory viscometer, Kinexus Rheometer (Malvern Instrument,\r\nUK) was used. All measurements were performed with a stainless steel cone-plate sensor at 25.0 Ã?± 0.1Ã?°C with\r\n4Ã?°/40 mm.\r\nResults: The stable nanoemulsions showed sedimentation rates at earth gravity of 5.2, 3.0 and 2.6 mm/month for\r\n10%, 20% and 30% (w/w) oil phase, respectively. Rheological behavior is an important target during the design of\r\npalm oil esters-based nanocosmeceuticals. The presence of a network structure was indicated by measurements\r\nwhich showed Gââ?¬â?¢ to be greater than Gââ?¬Â. This result implied the predominant elastic response and high storage\r\nstability of the nanoemulsion. It was also observed that the increase in oil phase concentration led to the profile\r\nwhich strongly indicated that the solid like elastic property; where the values of phase angle, d of these\r\nnanoemulsions was lower than 45Ã?°.\r\nConclusions: The nanoemulsions with higher oil phase concentration (30% (w/w)) showed greater elasticity which\r\nimplied strong dynamic rigidity of the nanoemulsion. It was the most stable with longest shelf-life....
Silk sericin is a natural macromolecular protein derived from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. It is also a by-product\r\nof silk-making. From previous reports, many cosmeceuticals and other cosmetic products have been developed\r\nwith silk sericin. This study aimed to investigate an anti-aging property of silk sericin by in-vitro characterization\r\nusing fibroblast cell culture model. The results showed that silk sericin can stimulate collagen type I synthesis,\r\nsuppress the regulation of nitrite, which nitrite may induces oxidative stress, and up-regulate the expression of\r\nb-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) to inhibit cell apoptosis, without altering fibroblast growth kinetics or cellular\r\nultrastructure. Sericin anti-aging properties were comparable to vitamin C, except for oxidative stress, where silk\r\nsericin was superior. The results suggested that silk sericin possesses anti-aging properties that could be usefully\r\nincorporated into high-quality cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and food supplements....
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